请老师指教,怎么避免空指针错误,我每次都是这个错误
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 | package com.imooc.homework4; public class Student { private String stuNum; private String stuName; private float math; private float chinese; public Student() { } public Student(String stuNum, String stuName, float math, float chinese) { this .setStuNum(stuNum); this .setStuName(stuName); this .setMath(math); this .setChinese(chinese); } public String getStuNum() { return stuNum; } public void setStuNum(String stuNum) { this .stuNum = stuNum; } public String getStuName() { return stuName; } public void setStuName(String stuName) { this .stuName = stuName; } public float getMath() { return math; } public void setMath( float math) { this .math = math; } public float getChinese() { return chinese; } public void setChinese( float chinese) { this .chinese = chinese; } @Override public int hashCode() { final int prime = 31 ; int result = 1 ; result = prime * result + Float.floatToIntBits(chinese); result = prime * result + Float.floatToIntBits(math); result = prime * result + ((stuName == null ) ? 0 : stuName.hashCode()); result = prime * result + ((stuNum == null ) ? 0 : stuNum.hashCode()); return result; } @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { if ( this ==obj) { return true ; } if (obj.getClass()==Student. class ) // 判断类型 { Student stu = (Student)obj; return (stu.getStuNum().equals(stuNum)&&stu.getStuName().equals(stuName)); } return false ; } @Override public String toString() { return "学生信息: 学号为" + stuNum + ", 姓名为" + stuName + ", 数学成绩为" + math + ", 语文成绩为" + chinese ; } } |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 | package com.imooc.homework4; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class BanJi { private String classId; private String className; private List<Student> stuList = new ArrayList<Student>(); public BanJi() { } public BanJi(String classId, String className) { this .setClassId(classId); this .setClassName(className); stuList = new ArrayList<Student>(); } public String getClassId() { return classId; } public void setClassId(String classId) { this .classId = classId; } public String getClassName() { return className; } public void setClassName(String className) { this .className = className; } public List<Student> getStuList() { return stuList; } public void setStuList(List<Student> stuList) { this .stuList = stuList; } /** * 用于添加你想添加的学生。 * @param stu要添加的学生 */ public void addStudent(Student stu1) { //我们要排除重复添加的情况 boolean flag = false ; for (Student stu2:stuList) { if (stu2.equals(stu1)) { flag = true ; break ; } } if (flag) { System.out.println( "该学生已存在于学生列表中,请不要重复添加!" ); } else { stuList.add(stu1); System.out.println( "添加成功!" ); } } /** * 用于通过学号查询学生信息 * @param stuNum我们想要查询的学生的学号。 * @return 我们查询的学生的信息 */ public Student searchStudentByNum(String stuNum) { Student stu1 = null ; for (Student stu2:stuList) { if (stu2.getStuNum().equals(stuNum)) { stu1 = stu2; break ; } } return stu1; } /** * 用于录入语文成绩。 * @param stuNum我们想要输入成绩的学生的学号 * @param score我们要录入的学生的成绩。 */ public void insertChineseScore(String stuNum, float score) { Student stu1 = searchStudentByNum(stuNum); if (stu1!= null ) { stu1.setChinese(score); } else { System.out.println( "没有找到此学生。" ); } } /** * 用于录入数学成绩。 * @param stuNum我们想要输入成绩的学生的学号 * @param score我们要录入的学生的成绩。 */ public void insertMathScore(String stuNum, float score) { Student stu1 = searchStudentByNum(stuNum); if (stu1!= null ) { stu1.setMath(score); } else { System.out.println( "没有找到此学生。" ); } } /** * 用于删除学生信息 * @param stuNum我们想要删除的学生的学号 */ public void deleteStudent(String stuNum) { Student stu1 = searchStudentByNum(stuNum); if (stu1!= null ) { stuList.remove(stu1); } else { System.out.println( "没有找到此学生。" ); } } /** * 用于显示播放列表中的所有学生。 */ public void displayAllStudent() { System.out.println( "班级中的所有学生为:" ); for (Student stu:stuList) { System.out.println(stu); } } } |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 | package com.imooc.homework4; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Comparator; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Map.Entry; import java.util.Set; public class School { Map<String, BanJi> banJiMap = new HashMap<String, BanJi>(); //存放班级的集合。 public School() { banJiMap = new HashMap<String, BanJi>(); } public Map<String, BanJi> getBanJiMap() { return banJiMap; } public void setBanJiMap(Map<String, BanJi> banJiMap) { this .banJiMap = banJiMap; } /** * 用于向学校添加班级 * @param banji 我们要添加的班级 */ public void addBanji(BanJi banji) { banJiMap.put(banji.getClassName(),banji); System.out.println( "添加成功!" ); } /** * 用于删除我们想要删除的班级 * @param banji 我们想要删除的班级 */ public void deleteBanji(BanJi banji) { banJiMap.remove(banji.getClassName()); System.out.println( "删除成功!" ); } /** * 通过班级名称来查询班级 * @param className 我们需要查询的班级的名称 * @return 我们查询的班级。 */ public BanJi searchByName(String className) { BanJi bj = null ; Set<String> banJiListSet = banJiMap.keySet(); for (String s:banJiListSet) { if (s.equals(className)) { bj = banJiMap.get(s); break ; } } return bj; } /** * 用于对语文成绩进行排序 */ public void sortChineseByAverage() { BanJi bj = null ; Map<String, Float> scoreMap = new HashMap<String, Float>(); Set<String> classIdSet = banJiMap.keySet(); boolean flag = false ; for (String id : classIdSet) { bj = this .searchByName(id); if (bj.getStuList().isEmpty()) { System.out.println(bj.getClassName()+ "中没有学生,请先添加" ); flag = true ; } else { float sum = 0 .0f; int i = 0 ; List<Student> studentList = bj.getStuList(); Iterator<Student> it = studentList.listIterator(); //迭代求平均 while (it.hasNext()) { i++; sum = sum + it.next().getChinese(); } float ave = sum/i; scoreMap.put(bj.getClassName(), ave); } } if (!flag) { List<Map.Entry<String, Float>> lm = new ArrayList<Map.Entry<String, Float>>(scoreMap.entrySet()); Collections.sort(lm, new Comparator<Map.Entry<String, Float>>() { @Override public int compare(Entry<String, Float> o1, Entry<String, Float> o2) { return o2.getValue().compareTo(o1.getValue()); } }); System.out.println( "各班语文成绩按平均数排列为:" ); for (Map.Entry<String, Float> me : lm) { System.out.println(me.getKey()+ "的语文平均分为:" +me.getValue()); } } } public void sortMathByAverage() { BanJi bj = null ; Map<String, Float> scoreMap = new HashMap<String, Float>(); Set<String> classIdSet = banJiMap.keySet(); boolean flag = false ; for (String id : classIdSet) { bj = this .searchByName(id); if (bj.getStuList().isEmpty()) { System.out.println(bj.getClassName()+ "中没有学生,请先添加" ); flag = true ; } else { float sum = 0 .0f; int i = 0 ; List<Student> studentList = bj.getStuList(); Iterator<Student> it = studentList.listIterator(); //迭代求平均 while (it.hasNext()) { i++; sum = sum + it.next().getMath(); } float ave = sum/i; scoreMap.put(bj.getClassName(), ave); } } if (!flag) { List<Map.Entry<String, Float>> lm = new ArrayList<Map.Entry<String, Float>>(scoreMap.entrySet()); Collections.sort(lm, new Comparator<Map.Entry<String, Float>>() { @Override public int compare(Entry<String, Float> o1, Entry<String, Float> o2) { return o2.getValue().compareTo(o1.getValue()); } }); System.out.println( "各班数学成绩按平均数排列为:" ); for (Map.Entry<String, Float> me : lm) { System.out.println(me.getKey()+ "的数学平均分为:" +me.getValue()); } } } /** * 用于显示学校中所有的班级的名称。 */ public void displayBanJiName() { System.out.println( "学校中的所有班级为:" ); Set<String> banJiList = banJiMap.keySet(); for (String banJi:banJiList ) { System.out.println(banJi); } } } |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 | package com.imooc.test; import java.util.InputMismatchException; import java.util.List; import java.util.Scanner; import java.util.Set; import com.imooc.homework4.BanJi; import com.imooc.homework4.School; import com.imooc.homework4.Student; public class TestDemo { public void testDemo() { Student stu1 = new Student( "13号" , "张三" , 78f, 82 .5f); Student stu2 = new Student( "14号" , "李四" , 98f, 69 .4f); Student stu3 = new Student( "15号" , "王五" , 77 .8f, 81 .5f); System.out.println(stu1); System.out.println(stu1.equals(stu2)); } public void testBanJi(){} { Student stu1 = new Student( "13号" , "张三" , 78f, 82 .5f); Student stu2 = new Student( "14号" , "李四" , 98f, 69 .4f); Student stu3 = new Student( "15号" , "王五" , 77 .8f, 81 .5f); Student stu4 = new Student( "15号" , "王五" , 77 .8f, 81 .5f); BanJi bj1 = new BanJi( "A003" , "1(3)班" ); bj1.addStudent(stu1); bj1.addStudent(stu2); bj1.addStudent(stu3); bj1.addStudent(stu4); bj1.displayAllStudent(); Student stu5 =bj1.searchStudentByNum( "14号" ); if (stu5!= null ) { System.out.println( "根据学号查询的歌曲信息为" ); System.out.println(stu5); } else { System.out.println( "该学生不存在。" ); } bj1.deleteStudent( "15号" ); bj1.displayAllStudent(); bj1.insertChineseScore( "15号" , 87f); bj1.displayAllStudent(); bj1.insertMathScore( "13号" , 99 .87f); bj1.displayAllStudent(); } public void testSchool() { Student stu1 = new Student( "13号" , "张三" , 78f, 62 .5f); Student stu2 = new Student( "14号" , "李四" , 58f, 79 .4f); Student stu3 = new Student( "15号" , "王五" , 77 .8f, 81 .5f); Student stu4 = new Student( "13号" , "张六" , 78f, 52 .5f); Student stu5 = new Student( "14号" , "李七" , 95f, 69 .4f); Student stu6 = new Student( "15号" , "李八" , 77 .8f, 81 .5f); Student stu7 = new Student( "13号" , "张九" , 78f, 82 .5f); Student stu8 = new Student( "14号" , "李十" , 88f, 69 .4f); Student stu9 = new Student( "15号" , "王十一" , 77 .8f, 51 .5f); School sc = new School(); BanJi bj1 = new BanJi( "A001" , "1(1)班" ); BanJi bj2 = new BanJi( "A002" , "1(2)班" ); BanJi bj3 = new BanJi( "A003" , "1(3)班" ); bj1.addStudent(stu1); bj1.addStudent(stu2); bj1.addStudent(stu3); bj2.addStudent(stu4); bj2.addStudent(stu5); bj2.addStudent(stu6); bj3.addStudent(stu7); bj3.addStudent(stu8); bj3.addStudent(stu9); sc.addBanji(bj1); sc.addBanji(bj2); sc.addBanji(bj3); sc.displayBanJiName(); sc.deleteBanji(bj3); sc.displayBanJiName(); BanJi bj4 = sc.searchByName( "1(1)班" ); if (bj4!= null ) { bj4.displayAllStudent(); } else { System.out.println( "没有找到此班级!" ); } sc.sortChineseByAverage(); sc.sortMathByAverage(); } public void mainMenu() { System.out.println( "******************************" ); System.out.println( " **主菜单** " ); System.out.println( " 1--班级管理 " ); System.out.println( " 2--学校管理 " ); System.out.println( " 0--退出 " ); } public void banJiMenu() { System.out.println( "******************************" ); System.out.println( " 班级列表 " ); System.out.println( " 1--添加学生信息到主学生列表 " ); System.out.println( " 2--添加学生信息到普通班级 " ); System.out.println( " 3--通过学号查询学生信息 " ); System.out.println( " 4--输入班级的语文成绩 " ); System.out.println( " 5--输入班级的数学成绩 " ); System.out.println( " 6--删除学生信息 " ); System.out.println( " 6--显示所有学生信息 " ); System.out.println( " 9--返回上级菜单 " ); System.out.println( "******************************" ); } public void schoolMenu() { System.out.println( "******************************" ); System.out.println( " 学校列表 " ); System.out.println( " 1--创建班级 " ); System.out.println( " 2--删除班级 " ); System.out.println( " 3--通过班级名称查询班级信息 " ); System.out.println( " 4--对各班语文成绩平均分进行由大到小排序 " ); System.out.println( " 5--对各班数学成绩平均分进行由大到小排序 " ); System.out.println( " 6--显示所有班级名称 " ); System.out.println( " 9--返回上级菜单 " ); System.out.println( "******************************" ); } public void test() { TestDemo td = new TestDemo(); Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); int input1= 0 , input2= 0 , input3= 0 ; School banJiList = new School(); BanJi mainStuList = new BanJi( "0000" , "主学生列表" ); banJiList.addBanji(mainStuList); while ( true ) { td.mainMenu(); System.out.println( "请输入对应数字进行操作" ); input1 = sc.nextInt(); if (input1== 0 ) { break ; } switch (input1) { case 1 : while ( true ) { td.banJiMenu(); System.out.println( "请输入对应数字进行操作" ); input2 = sc.nextInt(); if (input2== 9 ) { break ; } switch (input2) { case 1 : System.out.println( "添加学生信息到主学生列表中" ); System.out.println( "请输入要添加的学生个数" ); try { int m = sc.nextInt(); if (m< 0 ) { System.out.println( "您输入的数字有误,请重新输入。" ); } else { for ( int i= 1 ; i<=m; i++) { Student stu1 = new Student(); System.out.println( "请输入第" + i + "个学生信息" ); System.out.println( "请输入学生ID" ); String id = sc.next(); stu1.setStuNum(id); System.out.println( "请输入学生姓名" ); String name = sc.next(); stu1.setStuName(name); mainStuList.addStudent(stu1); } System.out.println( "主学生列表中信息为" ); List<Student> stuList = mainStuList.getStuList(); for (Student stu : stuList) { System.out.println( "学生信息:[学号:" + stu.getStuNum() + ",姓名:" + stu.getStuName() + "]" ); } } } catch (InputMismatchException e) { System.out.println( "请输入正确的数字" ); String s = sc.next(); } break ; case 2 : System.out.println( "添加学生信息到普通班级 " ); System.out.println( "请输入要添加的班级名称" ); try { BanJi bj1 = null ; String className = sc.next(); Set<String> banJiNameSet = banJiList.getBanJiMap().keySet(); for (String s : banJiNameSet) { if (s.equals(className)) { System.out.println( "请输入要添加的学生个数" ); int stuNumber = 0 ; stuNumber = sc.nextInt(); if (stuNumber< 0 ) { System.out.println( "您输入的数字有误,请重新输入。" ); } else { for ( int i= 1 ; stuNumber<=i; i++) { System.out.println( "请输入要添加的学生ID" ); String id = null ; id = sc.next(); Student stu1; stu1 = mainStuList.searchStudentByNum(id); if (stu1 != null ) { bj1 = banJiList.searchByName(s); bj1.addStudent(stu1); } else { System.out.println( "该学生信息在主学生列表中不存在,请输入学生的其他信息。" ); System.out.println( "请输入要添加的学生姓名" ); String stuName = sc.next(); List<Student> stuList = mainStuList.getStuList(); for (Student stu2 : stuList) { if (stu2.getStuName().equals(stuName)) { bj1 = banJiList.searchByName(s); bj1.addStudent(stu2); } else { System.out.println( "该学生信息在主学生列表中不存在" ); } } } } } System.out.println( "主学生列表:" ); List<Student> stuList = mainStuList.getStuList(); for (Student stu3 : stuList) { System.out.println( "学生信息:[学号:" + stu3.getStuNum() + ",姓名:" + stu3.getStuName() + "]" ); } System.out.println(bj1.getClassName() + "班级列表" ); List<Student> stuList2 = bj1.getStuList(); for (Student stu4 : stuList2) { System.out.println( "学生信息:[学号:" + stu4.getStuNum() + ",姓名:" + stu4.getStuName() + "]" ); } } else { System.out.println( "未查询到此班级!" ); } } } catch (InputMismatchException e) { System.out.println( "请输入正确的数字" ); String s = sc.next(); continue ; } break ; case 3 : System.out.println( "录入语文成绩" ); break ; case 4 : System.out.println( "录入数学成绩" ); break ; case 5 : System.out.println( "删除学生信息" ); break ; case 6 : System.out.println( "显示列表中所有学生" ); break ; default : System.out.println( "请输入指定的数字" ); break ; } } break ; case 2 : while ( true ) { td.schoolMenu(); System.out.println( "请输入对应数字进行学校列表管理" ); input3 = sc.nextInt(); if (input3== 9 ) { break ; } switch (input3) { case 1 : System.out.println( "向学校中添加班级" ); System.out.println( "请输入班级编号" ); try { String classId = sc.next(); System.out.println( "请输入班级名称" ); String className = sc.next(); BanJi s = banJiList.searchByName(className); if (s != null ) { System.out.println( "班级已存在,请重新输入" ); } else { mainStuList = new BanJi(classId, className); banJiList.addBanji(mainStuList); } } catch (InputMismatchException e) { System.out.println( "请输入正确的数字" ); String s = sc.next(); } break ; case 2 : System.out.println( "从学校中删除班级! " ); System.out.println( "请输入班级名称" ); try { String className = sc.next(); BanJi bj = banJiList.searchByName(className); if (bj != null ) { banJiList.deleteBanji(bj); } else { System.out.println( "班级不存在,请重新输入!" ); } } catch (InputMismatchException e) { System.out.println( "请输入正确的数字" ); String s = sc.next(); break ; } break ; case 3 : System.out.println( "通过班级名称查询班级信息" ); System.out.println( "请输入班级名称!" ); String className = sc.next(); BanJi bj = banJiList.searchByName(className); if (bj != null ) { System.out.println( "班级信息:[" + bj.getClassId() + ",班级名称:" + bj.getClassName()); } else { System.out.println( "没有查询到相关班级,请重新输入!" ); } break ; case 4 : System.out.println( "对各班语文成绩平均分进行由大到小排序" ); Set<String> banJiSet1 = banJiList.getBanJiMap().keySet(); if (banJiSet1 != null ) { banJiList.sortChineseByAverage(); } else { System.out.println( "您还没有输入班级,请先输入班级" ); } break ; case 5 : System.out.println( "对各班数学成绩平均分进行由大到小排序 " ); Set<String> banJiSet2 = banJiList.getBanJiMap().keySet(); if (banJiSet2 != null ) { banJiList.sortMathByAverage(); } else { System.out.println( "您还没有输入班级,请先输入班级" ); } break ; case 6 : System.out.println( "显示所有班级名称" ); banJiList.displayBanJiName(); break ; default : System.out.println( "请输入指定的数字" ); break ; } } break ; default : System.out.println( "请输入指定的数字" ); break ; } } } public static void main(String[] args) { TestDemo ts = new TestDemo(); //Scanner so = new Scanner(System.in); //ts.testDemo(); //ts.testBanJi(); //ts.testSchool(); ts.test(); } } |
请老师指教,像普通班级添加学生时,为什么明明有班级,也会反馈为查询到此班级。还有为什么会直接跳过录入学生的过程
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同学你好,使用的变量bj1初始化是null,所以导致报空指针异常。则建议同学调用searchByName()方法,查看班级是否存在,存在则进行添加。具体实现思路:
先判断班级是否存在,判断班级存在后,输入要添加的学生数量。然后输入的学生编号,当学生编号在主学生列表中存在时,直接添加到普通班级中。 当输入的学生编号在主学生列表中不存在时,提示不存在要求输入学生姓名。参考代码如下所示:
如果我的回答解决了你的疑惑,请采纳!祝学习愉快!
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